Rubber and Tire Industry Demand
Zinc oxide is an important ingredient used as an activator of the vulcanization process in rubber manufacturing, thereby ensuring its use in tires and tire retread manufacturing. A significant amount of tires required for imports of foreign automobiles and spare parts drives the demand for rubber compounding in Africa, hence zinc oxide consumption.
In North and Western Africa, the increase in road transportation needs leads to a higher frequency of tire replacements. The growth in need for heavy-duty tire replacements within the continent's transport routes that serve mining regions in Zambia and DRC, and lead to ports of South Africa and Tanzania, increases the demand for high-quality tires produced from zinc oxide-enriched rubber compounds due to their high durability.
However, because Africa does not have many tire production facilities, most demand for zinc oxide in Africa is due to the processing of rubber and its imports. In South Africa, there is an organized rubber industry involving rubber-based products and car parts manufacturing. Other countries depend significantly on Egypt and Nigeria to process their rubber.
Premium Cosmetics and Sunscreen Demand
The usage of zinc oxide for cosmetic applications in Africa has increased owing to the increased awareness among consumers regarding protecting their skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet rays. Countries having high solar intensity levels include South Africa, Kenya, Ghana, and Sudan, where the usage of zinc oxide in sunscreens and dermatology applications has been growing. Due to its physical properties, zinc oxide is essential for the development of mineral sunscreens used on sensitive skin.
Rapid urbanization and growth in middle-class population centers in cities such as Lagos, Nairobi, and Johannesburg have fueled the growth of cosmetic personal care products as well as retail pharmacies. Multinational cosmetics companies, as well as local formulators, have launched zinc oxide creams, lotions, and baby products with dermatological uses such as hyperpigmentation treatment.
While the need has been increasing, Africa continues to rely on imports of ultra-fine and nano zinc oxide because of limited domestic production capacity. The majority of zinc oxide used for cosmetics comes from Europe, Asia, or the Middle East, making the product costly for mass consumerism. Nonetheless, the increasing number of beauty shops and online sales websites is bound to improve access.