Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market Outlook: Size, Share, Trends, Growth Analysis, Competitive Landscape & Forecast, 2026-2033

The Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market size was valued at US$ 391.5 Million in 2025 and is projected to reach US$ 1305.82 Million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 16.25% during 2026–2033, driven by high-capacity connectivity, secure links, satellite communications, defense modernization, disaster recovery, and fiber-deployment alternatives.

Report Coverage
  • Type: Terrestrial FSO, Airborne and Space FSO, Underwater FSO
  • Range: Short, Medium, Long
  • Component: Transmitter Assembly, Receiver Assembly
  • Application: Mobile Backhaul, Enterprise Connectivity, Satellite, Defense, Disaster Recovery, Others
US$ 391.5 Mn Market size in 2025
US$ 1305.82 Mn Market Size by 2033
16.25% CAGR, 2026 - 2033
2026-2033 Forecast Period

01 AI Overview

Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market Summary

  • North America Region: North America holds a 45%–48% share in 2025, growing at a 14.5%–16.5% CAGR, driven by defense modernization, satellite optical links, resilient communications, enterprise connectivity, and rapid adoption of high-bandwidth wireless infrastructure. The U.S. leads through defense procurement, satellite communications, and R&D, with an estimated 14.8%–16.8% CAGR through 2033.
  • Fastest Growing Region: Asia Pacific accounts for a 16%–19% share in 2025, advancing at a 18.0%–21.0% CAGR, supported by telecom expansion, smart-city deployments, disaster resilience, satellite programs, dense urban connectivity, and investment in high-capacity wireless infrastructure.
  • Leading Segment: Terrestrial FSO represents a 50%–54% share in 2025, expanding at a 14.5%–16.5% CAGR, supported by rapid last-mile deployment, enterprise links, mobile backhaul, fiber-alternative requirements, urban connectivity, and secure point-to-point infrastructure.
  • High Growth Segment: Airborne and Space FSO captures a 25%–29% share in 2025, expanding at a 20.0%–23.0% CAGR, propelled by satellite constellations, inter-satellite links, defense platforms, high-throughput data relay, optical terminals, and space infrastructure investments.
  • Key Market Opportunity: Integration with satellite constellations, 5G backhaul, hybrid RF-optical networks, and resilient emergency links creates attractive opportunities as operators seek higher capacity, spectrum independence, and rapid deployment.
  • Major Market Players: EC System International, Mostcom JSC, Wireless Excellence Limited, Trimble Inc., CACI International Inc, fSONA Networks Corporation, Mynaric AG, CBL Communication by Light GmbH, Cailabs, and Viasat, Inc.
02 Strategic Insights

Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market: Strategic Insights

Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market Strategic Framework
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03 Stakeholder View

Key Takeaways

  • Supply chains are evolving from standalone optical terminals toward integrated ecosystems combining lasers, photonic components, adaptive optics, pointing and tracking systems, modems, network management, and RF-optical interoperability.
  • The strongest upside lies in airborne and space platforms, satellite communications, defense networks, and optical ground stations, where high throughput and spectrum independence create differentiated value compared with conventional wireless links.
  • Innovation is concentrating on turbulence mitigation, compact terminals, automated beam acquisition, photonic integration, adaptive modulation, and interoperability with emerging satellite-network standards.
  • Asia Pacific offers a compelling investment case because dense urban environments, telecom expansion, disaster-resilient connectivity requirements, and growing satellite capabilities create multiple deployment pathways beyond mature North American defense applications.
  • Investment activity is increasingly linked to strategic partnerships and ecosystem development. ESA's HydRON program and commercial collaborations involving optical ground stations demonstrate a transition from laboratory validation toward network-level deployment.
  • Defense procurement is becoming an important commercialization bridge, as demonstrated by General Dynamics Mission Systems' 52-km PhantomLink demonstration at data rates up to 10 Gbps, validating FSO's role in tactical high-capacity communications.
04 Geographic Outlook

Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market Regional Highlights

North America Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market

North America held a 45%–48% Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market share in 2025 and is projected to expand at a 14.5%–16.5% CAGR through 2033. The region benefits from defense modernization, satellite communications, advanced photonics research, and demand for resilient high-capacity links. The U.S. remains the principal contributor, supported by government-funded optical communications programs and defense applications. Canada adds specialist capabilities through optical networking developers and satellite technology. Strong domestic aerospace and defense ecosystems provide commercialization pathways for terrestrial, airborne, and space-based systems, reinforcing regional leadership across multiple applications.

  • Defense agencies increasingly evaluate FSO for high-bandwidth tactical networking where narrow optical beams can reduce interception risks and avoid congested RF spectrum.
  • Satellite operators and space agencies are accelerating optical communications adoption to manage rising data volumes and improve inter-satellite and space-to-ground connectivity.
  • Enterprise and telecom deployments remain relevant where fiber installation is expensive, delayed, or impractical, particularly across campuses, metropolitan corridors, and temporary infrastructure.
  • Optical ground stations are gaining attention as satellite constellations require scalable architectures for high-throughput downlinks and data relay services.

US Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market

The U.S. accounted for an estimated 37%–40% of the regional Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market share in 2025 and is expected to grow at a 14.8%–16.8% CAGR through 2033. Federal defense programs, aerospace research, satellite communications, and resilient networking initiatives underpin demand. The country's extensive photonics ecosystem supports innovation in optical terminals, tracking, adaptive optics, and secure links. Defense demonstrations increasingly validate operational use cases, while commercial satellite programs create additional demand for high-capacity optical communications infrastructure across space and ground networks.

  • U.S. defense modernization supports adoption of FSO links for tactical command posts, mobile networks, and spectrum-independent communications in contested electromagnetic environments.
  • NASA optical communications demonstrations continue establishing technical confidence in high-rate laser transmission, strengthening the broader ecosystem for commercial space communications and related technologies.
  • Commercial operators are evaluating optical ground stations and inter-satellite links as satellite data volumes increase and conventional RF spectrum becomes increasingly constrained.

Europe Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market

Europe represented a 20%–23% Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market share in 2025 and is forecast to grow at a 15.5%–18.0% CAGR through 2033. Germany and the U.K. remain leading contributors through aerospace, defense, and photonics capabilities, while France is emerging strongly through optical ground station development. Germany is estimated at a 16.0%–18.5% CAGR, France at 18.0%–21.0%, and the U.K. at 14.5%–17.0%. ESA-backed optical infrastructure initiatives are strengthening regional commercialization and interoperability across terrestrial and space applications.

  • ESA's HydRON initiative is advancing high-throughput optical networking concepts that connect orbital layers, creating demand for interoperable terminals and supporting infrastructure.
  • France is strengthening its position through optical ground station technologies designed to mitigate atmospheric turbulence and support high-rate satellite-to-ground communication.
  • Germany benefits from established aerospace and photonics expertise, supporting development of airborne and space optical communication terminals for emerging satellite networks.
  • The U.K. provides opportunities across defense communications, satellite technology, and secure networking, supported by established aerospace and telecommunications research capabilities.

Asia Pacific Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market

Asia Pacific held a 16%–19% Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market share in 2025 and is projected to achieve an 18.0%–21.0% CAGR through 2033, making it the fastest-growing region. China, Japan, South Korea, India, and Australia offer diverse opportunities across telecom, satellite, defense, and disaster recovery. Japan is estimated at a 17.5%–20.0% CAGR, India at 20.0%–23.0%, and China at 18.0%–21.0%. NEC's 2025 demonstration of FSO communication over more than 10 km highlights regional progress in long-distance terrestrial optical links.

  • Japan is advancing long-distance terrestrial optical communications, with technology development targeting improved tracking, miniaturization, disaster recovery, and secure national infrastructure applications.
  • India presents strong potential from telecom expansion, smart-city initiatives, defense modernization, and the need for high-capacity links across challenging deployment environments.
  • China and South Korea offer opportunities through advanced telecommunications, satellite programs, electronics manufacturing, and investment in next-generation connectivity infrastructure.
  • Australia provides a strategic environment for optical ground stations and satellite communications, particularly where geographic scale increases the value of high-capacity wireless links.

Rest of World Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market

South and Central America represented a 5%–7% share of the Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market in 2025 and are projected to expand at a 15.0%–18.0% CAGR through 2033. Brazil and Mexico lead regional opportunities through telecommunications, enterprise connectivity, and infrastructure modernization. Brazil is estimated at an 16.0%–19.0% CAGR, supported by geographic scale and connectivity requirements. Mexico benefits from proximity to North American technology ecosystems and expanding digital infrastructure investment.

The Middle East and Africa accounted for a 7%–9% share in 2025 and is expected to grow at a 16.0%–19.0% CAGR. The UAE, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa represent leading opportunities, while the UAE is estimated at a 18.0%–21.0% CAGR. Smart-city programs, defense requirements, remote connectivity, and disaster-resilient networks support adoption.

  • Brazil's geographic diversity creates opportunities for FSO as a rapid-deployment alternative where terrestrial fiber construction faces cost or logistical constraints.
  • Mexico can benefit from cross-border technology transfer and enterprise connectivity requirements linked to industrial, logistics, and telecommunications expansion.
  • Gulf countries are investing in advanced digital infrastructure and smart-city ecosystems, creating potential applications for secure, high-capacity optical connectivity.
  • South Africa offers opportunities in enterprise, defense, and remote connectivity applications where line-of-sight optical links can complement conventional network infrastructure.
Global Market Geography
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05 Segment Analysis

Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market Segmentation

Type

Terrestrial FSO represented a 50%–54% share of the Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market in 2025 and is projected to grow at a 14.5%–16.5% CAGR between 2026–2033. Airborne and Space FSO represented 25%–29%, growing at 20.0%–23.0%, while Underwater FSO represented 4%–7%, advancing at 17.0%–20.0%. Adoption reflects deployment complexity, atmospheric conditions, mobility requirements, and application-specific demand for secure, high-capacity optical connectivity.

  • Terrestrial FSO: Supports point-to-point connectivity, enterprise networking, mobile backhaul, and temporary links where fiber deployment is costly, slow, or physically constrained by urban infrastructure.
  • Airborne and Space FSO: Enables aircraft-to-ground, inter-satellite, and space-to-ground communications, benefiting from growing satellite constellations, high data volumes, and demand for spectrum-independent connectivity.
  • Underwater FSO: Provides short-distance high-bandwidth links in clear water environments, with opportunities in subsea robotics, autonomous systems, defense, and specialized sensing applications.

Range

Short range represented a 42%–46% share of the Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market in 2025 and is forecast to grow at a 13.5%–15.5% CAGR between 2026–2033. Medium range accounted for 32%–36%, advancing at 16.0%–18.0%, while Long range represented 18%–22%, expanding at 19.0%–22.0%. Increasing demand for extended links is encouraging improved tracking, atmospheric compensation, and optical receiver performance.

  • Short: Serves campus networks, building-to-building connectivity, local enterprise links, and controlled environments where alignment and atmospheric variability are comparatively manageable.
  • Medium: Addresses metropolitan, industrial, defense, and infrastructure connections requiring greater reach while maintaining practical deployment economics and reliable optical beam management.
  • Long: Gains traction in satellite, airborne, defense, and extended terrestrial applications where advanced acquisition, tracking, turbulence mitigation, and high-performance optical terminals are essential.

Component

Transmitter Assembly represented a 48%–52% share of the Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market in 2025 and is projected to grow at a 15.0%–17.0% CAGR between 2026–2033. Receiver Assembly accounted for 42%–46%, expanding at 16.0%–18.0%. Component innovation increasingly focuses on optical efficiency, compact architectures, tracking precision, turbulence resilience, thermal management, and integration with digital communication systems.

  • Transmitter Assembly: Incorporates lasers, modulation, beam shaping, and optical power management, with development centered on higher efficiency, compact packaging, and stable long-distance transmission.
  • Receiver Assembly: Combines photodetection, optical collection, signal processing, and tracking functions, benefiting from advances that improve sensitivity, turbulence tolerance, and link availability.

Application

Mobile Backhaul represented a 20%–24% Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market share in 2025 and is projected to grow at a 14.0%–16.0% CAGR between 2026–2033. Enterprise Connectivity accounted for 18%–22%, expanding at 13.5%–15.5%. Satellite represented 20%–24%, growing at 20.0%–23.0%. Defense accounted for 15%–19%, advancing at 17.0%–20.0%, while Disaster Recovery represented 7%–10%, growing at 16.0%–19.0%.

  • Mobile Backhaul: Provides high-capacity wireless transport between network sites, particularly where fiber installation is constrained by terrain, permitting, construction costs, or deployment timelines.
  • Enterprise Connectivity: Enables secure building-to-building and campus links, supporting organizations requiring rapid capacity expansion without extensive physical cabling or lengthy civil works.
  • Satellite: Supports inter-satellite and space-to-ground optical links, addressing escalating satellite data volumes and the need for high-throughput, low-interference communications infrastructure.
  • Defense: Delivers directional, difficult-to-detect optical communications that complement RF systems, supporting tactical networks, secure data transport, and operations in congested electromagnetic environments.
  • Disaster Recovery: Provides rapidly deployable communications when terrestrial infrastructure is damaged, enabling emergency connectivity for public agencies, response teams, and critical facilities.
06 Market Forces

Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market Dynamics

Key Market Drivers

Rising Demand for High-Capacity Wireless Connectivity

The Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market growth is being supported by escalating data requirements across telecom, enterprise, defense, and satellite networks. Optical links provide substantially greater directional bandwidth potential than conventional RF systems and avoid dependence on licensed radio spectrum. TBIRD demonstration by NASA was able to deliver 200 Gbps direct-to-Earth downlink speeds that showed the maximum possible performance in terms of the capacity of an optical system. The same applies to terrestrial applications where fiber installation would be too complex or time-consuming. The current trends in the market thus revolve around the need for high-capacity point-to-point connections, optical backhaul, and satellite-based data transfer. The increase in cloud computing, edge computing, earth observation, and high-resolution sensing will lead to bigger volumes of data sets generated.

Expansion of Satellite and Optical Space Networks

Satellite communications are becoming a major demand catalyst as optical links enable high-throughput inter-satellite and space-to-ground data transfer. NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communications experiment in September 2025 successfully conducted laser-based communication for distances up to 307 million miles, while the ESA’s HydRON project has begun work on creating an optical networking architecture meant to link various orbital planes. Such advances have further solidified the need for the development of optical terminals, tracking technology, optical ground stations, and turbulence compensation technology. The proliferation of low Earth orbit satellite constellations will contribute to growing demands on relay infrastructure for data transmission as well. The need to decrease reliance on overloaded RF spectrum frequencies for satellite operators makes optical communications increasingly important.

Defense Demand for Secure and Spectrum-Independent Links

Defense modernization is creating demand for optical communication systems that offer narrow beams, high capacity, and reduced electromagnetic signatures. General Dynamics Mission Systems demonstrated a 52-km PhantomLink FSO connection at up to 10 Gbps in July 2025, transmitting data, video, and voice at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. These are some of the ways in which optical communication has proven useful for tactical communications in a situation where there is interference with RF or electronic warfare. The directional nature of optical communication may also prove to be harder to intercept than RF communication. Therefore, there are procurement opportunities in mobile command centers, battlefield networking, secure site-to-site communications, and communications systems. Procurement programs may serve to advance the technology by presenting challenging requirements.

Key Market Opportunities

Hybrid RF-Optical Network Architectures

The hybrid RF-optical approach has a very good potential due to the high bandwidth capabilities of optical links, as well as their spectrum independence, along with increased reliability of RF connections during cloud and atmospheric conditions. Using both techniques together, it is possible to select links depending on the weather conditions, availability, latency, and mission requirements. The described approach is especially interesting for use in military, satellite, enterprise, and disaster recovery networks that need constant connectivity rather than maximal optical capacity. The Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market Forecasts, therefore, increasingly favor solutions that complement existing infrastructure rather than requiring wholesale replacement. Investment in hybrid terminals and network orchestration can expand addressable applications by reducing operational risk and improving service continuity across challenging environments.

Optical Ground Stations for Satellite Data Services

Optical ground stations represent an attractive investment opportunity as satellite operators seek higher-capacity downlinks without adding pressure to crowded RF spectrum. European initiatives demonstrate increasing attention to ground infrastructure capable of receiving laser communications while managing atmospheric turbulence. The increasing popularity of optical ground stations, which are either portable or stationary, is also gaining ground among companies and thereby providing opportunities to service providers, teleport operators, and photonics professionals. Scalable ground stations can be used in earth observations, satellite data transmission, science missions, and government communication. This opportunity not only includes the manufacture of the terminals but also the operations of the stations, cloud computing for data processing, networking management, and multi-orbit capability.

Secure Connectivity for Critical Infrastructure and Emergency Networks

Emerging Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market Trends, including Critical infrastructure operators and emergency agencies, offer another opportunity because FSO can provide rapidly deployable, directional connectivity without physical cabling or conventional RF spectrum dependence. Applications include temporary links between command centers, hospitals, utilities, transportation facilities, and disaster response locations. This technology becomes extremely useful in the event of fiber optic line disruptions and inaccessible construction. Vendors have the opportunity to create robust systems that include automatic alignment, weather sensing, encryption, and radio frequency back-up. In addition, optical communications systems can be used within municipal smart city initiatives for connecting buildings or infrastructure nodes in places where trenching cannot be done. The potential in this area exists due to increasing focus on network reliability and continuity planning.

Market Restraints and Challenges

Atmospheric Attenuation and Link Availability

Factor: Fog, heavy rain, dust, atmospheric turbulence, and heat haze can attenuate or distort optical beams, reducing link availability and creating operational uncertainty for terrestrial deployments.

Impact: Operators may require redundant RF links, adaptive optics, weather-aware routing, or geographically diverse terminals, increasing system complexity and total deployment costs. The long-haul terrestrial and ground/satellite segment applications appear to be especially prone to this problem owing to the cumulative effect of the atmosphere's impact along the entire optical path. Efforts in this direction have been made by the industry with the development of better methods for pointing and tracking, turbulence compensation, changes in the modulation scheme, error correction, and improved receiver performance. However, such efforts can entail additional cost and energy consumption for terminals.

High Precision Alignment and Deployment Complexity

Factor: FSO systems require accurate line-of-sight alignment, stable pointing, acquisition, and tracking, particularly across long distances or moving platforms.

 Impact: Installation, commissioning, maintenance, and operational costs can rise when terminals experience vibration, building movement, atmospheric distortion, or platform mobility. Such conditions serve as an obstacle to customers looking for easy plug-and-play connections and can slow down implementation time in comparison with short-range wireless systems that operate conventionally. This problem is now solved by using automated acquisition and tracking, optical devices, improved sensors, and software-controlled beam management. However, advanced alignment techniques make engineering more difficult and can involve special knowledge. This limitation is especially important in the context of air-, space-, sea-, and long-range land-based communications that need stable beams to transmit data effectively.

07 Company Analysis

Competitive Landscape

The Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market analysis indicates a competitive structure spanning specialist FSO manufacturers, photonics developers, aerospace and defense companies, and satellite communications providers. The supplied company set includes established technology providers and niche specialists addressing terrestrial, airborne, space, and secure communications requirements. Competitive differentiation increasingly depends on terminal miniaturization, acquisition and tracking, turbulence mitigation, interoperability, ruggedization, and the ability to integrate optical links with broader communication architectures.

Company Name

Overview

Products and Services relevant to this market

EC System International

Czech optical communications specialist focused on wireless optical connectivity and FSO systems for high-capacity links and challenging deployment environments.

Free-space optical communication systems, point-to-point wireless optical links, high-speed connectivity solutions, and related optical networking technologies.

Mostcom JSC

Russian specialist known for FSO communication equipment serving telecommunications, enterprise connectivity, and infrastructure applications requiring high-speed wireless transmission.

FSO communication equipment, optical wireless links, point-to-point systems, network connectivity products, and long-distance optical transmission solutions.

Wireless Excellence Limited

U.K.-based wireless networking company offering high-capacity wireless connectivity solutions for enterprise, telecom, and infrastructure deployments.

CableFree wireless infrastructure, optical wireless connectivity, broadband links, network access systems, and high-capacity point-to-point communications.

Trimble Inc.

U.S. technology company with broad positioning, communications, and geospatial capabilities that can support specialized optical and wireless connectivity ecosystems.

Precision positioning technologies, communications solutions, geospatial systems, and specialized technologies supporting connected infrastructure and advanced network applications.

CACI International Inc

U.S. national security technology provider serving defense and intelligence customers with advanced communications and mission systems capabilities.

Secure communications, optical and photonic technologies, defense networking, electronic warfare solutions, and mission-critical communications systems.

fSONA Networks Corporation

Canadian optical wireless specialist focused on high-speed FSO connectivity for telecommunications, enterprise, and last-mile networking requirements.

FSO wireless bridges, optical wireless links, enterprise connectivity systems, and high-capacity point-to-point network solutions.

Mynaric AG

German aerospace technology company specializing in laser communications terminals for air, space, and ground applications.

Optical communication terminals, laser links, airborne and space communications systems, satellite networking, and optical ground communication technologies.

CBL Communication by Light GmbH

German photonics company focused on optical communication technologies and specialized free-space optical transmission solutions.

FSO communication equipment, optical wireless links, photonic components, high-speed data transmission, and specialized optical networking systems.

Cailabs

French photonics company developing optical technologies for secure, high-throughput terrestrial and space communications, including turbulence mitigation solutions.

TILBA optical communication systems, line-of-sight terminals, optical ground stations, turbulence mitigation, and satellite-to-ground laser communications.

Viasat, Inc.

U.S. communications company providing satellite connectivity and advanced communications technologies across commercial and government applications.

Satellite communications, optical communications technologies, secure connectivity, high-capacity networks, and advanced aerospace communication solutions.

10 Trust & Transparency

Research Methodology

The market analysis combines proprietary research with secondary data from government agencies, company disclosures, regulatory filings, industry databases and expert interviews. Market estimates are validated through data triangulation, cross-market benchmarking and analyst review.

View Full Research Methodology

11 Questions Answered

Frequently Asked Questions

What determines the commercial viability of long-distance FSO?

Commercial viability depends on required availability, weather conditions, terminal cost, alignment complexity, maintenance requirements, and the economic alternative. Long-distance systems become more attractive when trenching is expensive, spectrum is constrained, or customers require secure high-capacity links that conventional wireless infrastructure cannot efficiently provide.

How does FSO complement fiber rather than replace it?

FSO is best positioned as a complementary access and transport technology. It can provide temporary capacity, bridge difficult physical gaps, connect buildings, support disaster recovery, and extend networks where fiber construction is uneconomical. Hybrid architectures allow optical links to work alongside fiber and RF systems.

Which customer groups are likely to adopt Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market fastest?

Defense organizations, satellite operators, telecom providers, enterprises with difficult fiber routes, and emergency-response agencies are strong adoption candidates. These groups value high capacity, rapid deployment, secure directional transmission, or resilient connectivity when conventional wired and RF infrastructure is constrained.

Why are optical ground stations becoming strategically important?

Optical ground stations provide the terrestrial interface required to receive high-throughput laser communications from satellites. As orbital networks generate more data, ground infrastructure becomes essential for scalable downlink capacity, data relay, and integration with terrestrial networks without relying exclusively on congested RF spectrum.

What technical capability most influences FSO system performance?

The Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Market Report highlights that pointing, acquisition, and tracking capability are critical because optical beams are highly directional. System performance also depends on receiver sensitivity, turbulence mitigation, atmospheric monitoring, adaptive modulation, and error correction. These technologies determine whether an optical link can maintain the required availability under changing environmental and platform conditions.

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350 pages PDF & Excel | 2026-08-17