Flight Management And Guidance System Market Outlook: Size, Share, Trends, Growth Analysis, Competitive Landscape & Forecast, 2026-2033
The Flight Management and Guidance System Market size was valued at US$ 31.78 Billion in 2025 and is projected to reach US$ 73.23 Billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 11.00% during 2026–2033. Rising aircraft modernization programs, growing demand for flight automation, increasing investments in advanced avionics technologies, expansion of commercial aviation fleets, and adoption of autonomous flight systems are creating significant market opportunities.
Report Coverage
- Component: Hardware, Software
- Platform: Commercial Aircraft, Military Aircraft, UAV
US$ 31.78 Bn
Market size in 2025
US$ 73.23 Bn
Market Size by 2033
11.00%
CAGR, 2026 - 2033
2026-2033
Forecast Period
1. Introduction
1.1 Report Guidance
1.2 Market Segmentation
2. Executive Summary
2.1 Key Market Insights
2.2 Market Attractiveness
3. Research Methodology
3.1 Secondary Research
3.2 Primary Research
- 3.2.1 Data Triangulation and Validation
4. Flight Management And Guidance System Market Landscape
4.1 Overview
4.3 Ecosystem Analysis
- 4.3.1 List of Vendors in the Value Chain
5. Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Key Market Dynamics
5.1 Market Drivers
5.2 Market Restraints
5.3 Market Opportunities
5.4 Future Trends
5.5 Impact of Drivers and Restraints
6. Flight Management And Guidance System Market Global Analysis
6.2 Flight Management And Guidance System Market Revenue 2022-2033 (US$ Billion)
6.3 Flight Management And Guidance System Market Forecast Analysis
7. Flight Management And Guidance System Market Analysis – by Component
7.1 Hardware
- 7.1.1 Overview
- 7.1.2 Hardware: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast, 2022-2033 (US$ Billion)
7.2 Software
- 7.2.1 Overview
- 7.2.2 Software: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast, 2022-2033 (US$ Billion)
8. Flight Management And Guidance System Market Analysis – by Platform
8.1 Commercial Aircraft
- 8.1.1 Overview
- 8.1.2 Commercial Aircraft: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast, 2022-2033 (US$ Billion)
8.2 Military Aircraft
- 8.2.1 Overview
- 8.2.2 Military Aircraft: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast, 2022-2033 (US$ Billion)
8.3 UAV
- 8.3.1 Overview
- 8.3.2 UAV: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast, 2022-2033 (US$ Billion)
9. Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Geographic Analysis
9.1 Overview
9.2 North America- 9.2.1 Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Key Country, 2026 and 2033 (%)
- 9.2.1.1 Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast Analysis – by Country
- 9.2.1.1 US: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.2.1.1.1 US: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.2.1.1.2 US: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.2.1.2 Canada: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.2.1.2.1 Canada: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.2.1.2.2 Canada: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.2.1.3 Mexico : Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.2.1.3.1 Mexico : Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.2.1.3.2 Mexico : Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1 Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Key Country, 2026 and 2033 (%)
- 9.3.1.1 Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast Analysis – by Country
- 9.3.1.1 Germany: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.1.1 Germany: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.1.2 Germany: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.2 Italy: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.2.1 Italy: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.2.2 Italy: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.3 France: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.3.1 France: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.3.2 France: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.4 U.K.: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.4.1 U.K.: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.4.2 U.K.: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.5 Spain: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.5.1 Spain: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.5.2 Spain: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.6 Belgium: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.6.1 Belgium: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.6.2 Belgium: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.7 Netherlands: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.7.1 Netherlands: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.7.2 Netherlands: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.8 Luxembourg: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.8.1 Luxembourg: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.8.2 Luxembourg: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.9 Norway: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.9.1 Norway: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.9.2 Norway: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.10 Finland: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.10.1 Finland: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.10.2 Finland: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.11 Denmark: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.11.1 Denmark: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.11.2 Denmark: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.12 Sweden: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.12.1 Sweden: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.12.2 Sweden: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.13 Switzerland: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.13.1 Switzerland: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.13.2 Switzerland: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.14 Austria: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.14.1 Austria: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.14.2 Austria: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.15 Greece: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.15.1 Greece: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.15.2 Greece: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.16 Portugal: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.16.1 Portugal: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.16.2 Portugal: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.17 Russia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.17.1 Russia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.17.2 Russia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.18 Poland: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.18.1 Poland: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.18.2 Poland: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.19 Romania: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.19.1 Romania: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.19.2 Romania: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.20 Czech Republic: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.20.1 Czech Republic: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.20.2 Czech Republic: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.21 Ukraine: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.21.1 Ukraine: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.21.2 Ukraine: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.22 Slovakia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.22.1 Slovakia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.22.2 Slovakia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.3.1.23 Bulgaria : Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.3.1.23.1 Bulgaria : Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.3.1.23.2 Bulgaria : Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1 Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Key Country, 2026 and 2033 (%)
- 9.4.1.1 Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast Analysis – by Country
- 9.4.1.1 China: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.1.1 China: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.1.2 China: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.2 Japan: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.2.1 Japan: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.2.2 Japan: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.3 South Korea: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.3.1 South Korea: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.3.2 South Korea: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.4 India: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.4.1 India: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.4.2 India: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.5 Australia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.5.1 Australia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.5.2 Australia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.6 New Zealand: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.6.1 New Zealand: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.6.2 New Zealand: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.7 Indonesia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.7.1 Indonesia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.7.2 Indonesia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.8 Malaysia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.8.1 Malaysia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.8.2 Malaysia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.9 Philippines: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.9.1 Philippines: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.9.2 Philippines: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.10 Singapore: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.10.1 Singapore: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.10.2 Singapore: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.11 Thailand: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.11.1 Thailand: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.11.2 Thailand: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.12 Vietnam: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.12.1 Vietnam: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.12.2 Vietnam: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.13 Taiwan: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.13.1 Taiwan: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.13.2 Taiwan: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.4.1.14 Bangladesh : Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.4.1.14.1 Bangladesh : Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.4.1.14.2 Bangladesh : Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.5.1 Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Key Country, 2026 and 2033 (%)
- 9.5.1.1 Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast Analysis – by Country
- 9.5.1.1 Brazil: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.5.1.1.1 Brazil: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.5.1.1.2 Brazil: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.5.1.2 Argentina: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.5.1.2.1 Argentina: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.5.1.2.2 Argentina: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.5.1.3 Chile: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.5.1.3.1 Chile: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.5.1.3.2 Chile: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.5.1.4 Colombia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.5.1.4.1 Colombia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.5.1.4.2 Colombia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.5.1.5 Peru : Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.5.1.5.1 Peru : Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.5.1.5.2 Peru : Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1 Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Key Country, 2026 and 2033 (%)
- 9.6.1.1 Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast Analysis – by Country
- 9.6.1.1 Saudi Arabia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.1.1 Saudi Arabia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.1.2 Saudi Arabia: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1.2 United Arab Emirates: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.2.1 United Arab Emirates: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.2.2 United Arab Emirates: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1.3 Kuwait: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.3.1 Kuwait: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.3.2 Kuwait: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1.4 Bahrain: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.4.1 Bahrain: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.4.2 Bahrain: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1.5 Qatar: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.5.1 Qatar: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.5.2 Qatar: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1.6 Oman: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.6.1 Oman: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.6.2 Oman: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1.7 Turkiye: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.7.1 Turkiye: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.7.2 Turkiye: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1.8 South Africa: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.8.1 South Africa: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.8.2 South Africa: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1.9 Egypt: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.9.1 Egypt: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.9.2 Egypt: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1.10 Nigeria: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.10.1 Nigeria: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.10.2 Nigeria: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
- 9.6.1.11 Algeria: Flight Management And Guidance System Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2033 (US$ Billion)
- 9.6.1.11.1 Algeria: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Component
- 9.6.1.11.2 Algeria: Flight Management And Guidance System Market Breakdown, by Platform
10. Competitive Landscape
10.1 Heat Map Analysis
10.2 Company Positioning and Concentration
11. Industry Landscape
11.1 Overview
11.2 Market Initiative
11.3 Partnerships and Collaborations
11.4 Other Developments
12. Company Profiles
12.1 Airbus SE
- 12.1.1 Key Facts
- 12.1.2 Business Description
- 12.1.3 Products and Services
- 12.1.4 Financial Overview
- 12.1.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.1.6 Key Developments
12.2 The Boeing Company
- 12.2.1 Key Facts
- 12.2.2 Business Description
- 12.2.3 Products and Services
- 12.2.4 Financial Overview
- 12.2.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.6 Key Developments
12.3 BAE Systems plc
- 12.3.1 Key Facts
- 12.3.2 Business Description
- 12.3.3 Products and Services
- 12.3.4 Financial Overview
- 12.3.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.3.6 Key Developments
12.4 Collins Aerospace
- 12.4.1 Key Facts
- 12.4.2 Business Description
- 12.4.3 Products and Services
- 12.4.4 Financial Overview
- 12.4.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.4.6 Key Developments
12.5 GE Aerospace
- 12.5.1 Key Facts
- 12.5.2 Business Description
- 12.5.3 Products and Services
- 12.5.4 Financial Overview
- 12.5.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.5.6 Key Developments
12.6 Garmin Ltd.
- 12.6.1 Key Facts
- 12.6.2 Business Description
- 12.6.3 Products and Services
- 12.6.4 Financial Overview
- 12.6.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.6.6 Key Developments
12.7 Thales Group
- 12.7.1 Key Facts
- 12.7.2 Business Description
- 12.7.3 Products and Services
- 12.7.4 Financial Overview
- 12.7.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.7.6 Key Developments
12.8 Honeywell International Inc.
- 12.8.1 Key Facts
- 12.8.2 Business Description
- 12.8.3 Products and Services
- 12.8.4 Financial Overview
- 12.8.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.8.6 Key Developments
12.9 Lockheed Martin Corporation
- 12.9.1 Key Facts
- 12.9.2 Business Description
- 12.9.3 Products and Services
- 12.9.4 Financial Overview
- 12.9.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.9.6 Key Developments
12.10 Teledyne Technologies Incorporated
- 12.10.1 Key Facts
- 12.10.2 Business Description
- 12.10.3 Products and Services
- 12.10.4 Financial Overview
- 12.10.5 SWOT Analysis
- 12.10.6 Key Developments
13. Appendix
13.1 About Business Market Insights
13.2 List of Abbreviations
Access the Full F Market Report
Get segment-level forecasts, regional estimates, competitive benchmarking, company profiles and downloadable Excel datasets.