Middle East and Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market Forecast to 2028 - COVID-19 Impact and Regional Analysis By Product Type (Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters and Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters), Application (Diagnosis and Monitoring, Imaging and Mapping, and Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias), and End User (Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, and Cardiac Catheterization Labs)
The electrophysiology catheter market in Middle East & Africa is expected to grow from US$ 175.98 million in 2021 to US$ 287.21 million by 2028; it is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 7.2% from 2021 to 2028.
Persistent improvement in medical science and continuous technological advancements resulted in extending longevity and improved quality of life. Developments, such as introducing three-dimensional (3D) EAM systems, have a long-lasting influence on catheter visualization, arrhythmia mapping, and reducing and eliminating fluoroscopy/radiation exposure in cardiac electrophysiology. Philips recently launched a new, non-fluoroscopic, dielectric-based imaging and navigation system, called KODEX-EPD. The system generates high-resolution 3D cardiac anatomical images without the need for direct catheter-tissue contact or pre-acquired imaging. Also, it holds high potential representing an open platform allowing high-quality procedures by reducing cost and burden on the patient. The company's design goal for electrophysiology catheters is to incorporate features that improve outcomes for patients and clinicians by reducing costs for healthcare providers. For example, these days, the technologically advanced catheter construction method revolves around separating the steering mechanism from the electrode sheath. Such notable developments results in many benefits for users involving technical advantages, such as improvement in versatility, safety, cost, and environmental benefits. As atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia among the consumers, catheter ablation has become the second-line therapy showing great promise. The most common deficiency for the treatment of atrial fibrillation is the development of deep, long lesions. Manufacturers are launching innovative products to address this matter potentially. Thus, technological advancement is expected to fuel Middle East & Africa electrophysiology catheters market.
Economic uncertainties and ongoing conflicts are worsening conditions in the Middle East and Africa. In the Middle East, countries such as Syria, Libya, and Yemen are suffering violent conflicts; as a result, they cannot fully implement any public health measures. Iran was in a deep economic recession due to the US sanctions. Additionally, the financial condition is also degrading the economic activities in the region. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development report states that more than 2.2 million COVID-19 cases have been registered in the Middle East and North America (MENA). Among the Arab economies, Iraq has reported the most confirmed cases, followed by Saudi Arabia and Morocco, respectively. The situation is not the same in richer Gulf countries and developing economies in the Levant or North Africa. The pandemic has also tested the public sector, compelling governments to make quick decisions, manage crises, and implement drastic measures for protecting communities. They quickly implemented measures related to strengthening institutional coordination by creating inter-ministerial structures following the confirmation of the initial cases of COVID-19 in the region. Additionally, other measures involve the creation of technical and scientific committees for monitoring and evaluating the progress of the situation. Apart from that, in the MEA countries, 71.9% of the SARS-CoV-2 patients developed tachycardia cases, independent of hypotension and fever, and 14.9% were found to have bradycardia as a transient event. Governments of the Middle Eastern countries are creating awareness regarding the COVID-19 virus by encouraging public communications through campaigns on TV, radio, and social media. For EP procedures, many governments adopted measures focusing on the continuity of public services in countries where confinement rules were imposed. Teleworking arrangements and online tools have gained significant attention.
Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
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Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market Segmentation
Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market – By Product Type
- Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters
- Cryoablation Electrophysiology Catheter
- Radiofrequency Ablation Catheters
- Microwave Ablation Systems
- Laser Ablation Systems
- Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters
- Conventional Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters
- Advanced Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters
- Ultrasound Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters
Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market – By Application
- Diagnosis and Monitoring
- Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Imaging and Mapping
Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market – By End User
- Hospitals
- Ambulatory Surgical Centers
- Cardiac Catheterization Labs
Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market– By Country
- South Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- UAE
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market-Companies Mentioned
- Abbott
- APT Medical Inc.
- Biosense Webster (Johnson and Johnson Services, Inc.)
- Boston Scientific Corporation
- Medtronic
- Stryker Corporation
- Transonic Systems Inc.
1. Introduction
1.1 Scope of the Study
1.2 The Insight Partners Research Report Guidance
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.3.1 MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market – By Product Type
1.3.2 MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market – By Application
1.3.3 MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market – By End User
1.3.4 MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market – By Country
2. Key Takeaways
3. Research Methodology
3.1 Coverage
3.2 Secondary Research
3.3 Primary Research
4. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market – Market Landscape
4.1 Overview
4.2 PEST Analysis
4.2.1 Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis
4.3 Experts Opinion
5. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market – Key Market Dynamics
5.1 Market Drivers
5.1.1 Increase in Prevalence Of Cardiovascular Disorders
5.1.2 Technological Advancement Propels The Growth Of The Market
5.2 Market Restraints
5.2.1 Huge Cost of Electrophysiology Catheters Acts
5.3 Market Opportunities
5.3.1 Robotics in Electrophysiology Catheterization Procedure
5.4 Future Trends
5.4.1 Wireless and Software-based Diagnostic Procedure
5.5 Impact Analysis
6. Electrophysiology Catheter Market– MEA Analysis
6.1 MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue Forecast and Analysis
7. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028– by Product Type
7.1 Overview
7.2 MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market, By Product Type, 2021 & 2028 (%)
7.3 Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters
7.3.1 Overview
7.3.2 Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.3.2.1 Conventional Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters
7.3.2.1.1 Overview
7.3.2.1.2 Conventional Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.3.2.2 Advanced Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters
7.3.2.2.1 Overview
7.3.2.2.2 Advanced Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.3.2.3 Ultrasound Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters
7.3.2.3.1 Overview
7.3.2.3.2 Ultrasound Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.4 Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters
7.4.1 Overview
7.4.2 Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.4.2.1 Cryoablation Electrophysiology Catheter
7.4.2.1.1 Overview
7.4.2.1.2 Cryoablation Electrophysiology Catheter: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.4.2.2 Radiofrequency Ablation Catheters
7.4.2.2.1 Overview
7.4.2.2.2 Radiofrequency Ablation Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.4.2.3 Microwave Ablation Systems
7.4.2.3.1 Overview
7.4.2.3.2 Microwave Ablation Systems: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
7.4.2.4 Laser Ablation Systems
7.4.2.4.1 Overview
7.4.2.4.2 Laser Ablation Systems: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
8. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 – by Application
8.1 Overview
8.2 MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Share by Segment - 2021 & 2028 (%)
8.3 Diagnosis and Monitoring
8.3.1 Overview
8.3.2 Diagnosis and Monitoring: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
8.4 Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias
8.4.1 Overview
8.4.2 Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
8.5 Imaging and Mapping
8.5.1 Overview
8.5.2 Imaging and Mapping: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
9. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 – by End User
9.1 Overview
9.1.1 MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Share by Segment - 2021 & 2028 (%)
9.2 Hospitals
9.2.1 Overview
9.2.2 Hospitals: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
9.3 Ambulatory Surgical Centre
9.3.1 Overview
9.3.2 Ambulatory Surgical Centre: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
9.4 Cardiac Catheterization Labs
9.4.1 Overview
9.4.2 Cardiac Catheterization Labs: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 – Country Analysis
10.1 Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market
10.1.1 Overview
10.1.2 Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Country (%)
10.1.2.1 UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.1.1 Overview
10.1.2.1.2 UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.1.3 UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Product Type (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.1.3.1 UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters Product Type, 2019–2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.2.1.4 UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts To 2028, By Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters Product Type (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.1.4.1 UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Application – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.2.2 Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.2.1 Overview
10.1.2.2.2 Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.2.3 Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Product Type (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.2.3.1 Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters Product Type, 2019–2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.2.2.4 Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts To 2028, By Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters Product Type (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.2.4.1 Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Application – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.2.2.4.2 Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by End-User – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.2.3 South Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.3.1 Overview
10.1.2.3.2 South Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.3.3 South Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Product Type (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.3.3.1 South Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters Product Type, 2019–2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.2.3.4 South Africa: Metabolomics Market Revenue and Forecasts To 2028, By Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters Product Type (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.3.4.1 South Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Application – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.2.3.4.2 South Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by End-User – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.2.4 Rest of Middle East & Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.4.1 Overview
10.1.2.4.2 Rest of Middle East & Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.4.3 Rest of Middle East & Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Product Type (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.4.3.1 Rest of Middle East & Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters Product Type, 2019–2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.2.4.4 Rest of Middle East & Africa: Metabolomics Market Revenue and Forecasts To 2028, By Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters Product Type (US$ Mn)
10.1.2.4.4.1 Rest of Middle East and Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Application – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
10.1.2.4.4.2 Rest of Middle East & Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by End-User – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
11. Impact Of COVID-19 Pandemic on MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market
11.1 MEA: Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Pandemic
12. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market–Industry Landscape
12.1 Overview
12.2 Organic Developments
12.2.1 Overview
12.3 Inorganic Developments
12.3.1 Overview
13. Company Profiles
13.1 Abbott
13.1.1 Key Facts
13.1.2 Business Description
13.1.3 Products and Services
13.1.4 Financial Overview
13.1.5 SWOT Analysis
13.1.6 Key Developments
13.2 Boston Scientific Corporation
13.2.1 Key Facts
13.2.2 Business Description
13.2.3 Products and Services
13.2.4 Financial Overview
13.2.5 SWOT Analysis
13.2.6 Key Developments
13.3 Stryker Corporation
13.3.1 Key Facts
13.3.2 Business Description
13.3.3 Products and Services
13.3.4 Financial Overview
13.3.5 SWOT Analysis
13.3.6 Key Developments
13.4 Medtronic
13.4.1 Key Facts
13.4.2 Business Description
13.4.3 Products and Services
13.4.4 Financial Overview
13.4.5 SWOT Analysis
13.4.6 Key Developments
13.5 Transonic Systems Inc.
13.5.1 Key Facts
13.5.2 Business Description
13.5.3 Products and Services
13.5.4 Financial Overview
13.5.5 SWOT Analysis
13.5.6 Key Developments
13.6 APT MEDICAL INC.
13.6.1 Key Facts
13.6.2 Business Description
13.6.3 Products and Services
13.6.4 Financial Overview
13.6.5 SWOT Analysis
13.6.6 Key Developments
13.7 Biosense Webster (Johnson and Johnson Services, Inc.)
13.7.1 Key Facts
13.7.2 Business Description
13.7.3 Products and Services
13.7.4 Financial Overview
13.7.5 SWOT Analysis
13.7.6 Key Developments
14. Appendix
14.1 About The Insight Partners
14.2 Glossary of Terms
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 2. UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Product Type (US$ Mn)
Table 3. UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters Product Type – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 4. UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters Product Type (US$ Mn)
Table 5. UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Application – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 6. Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Product Type (US$ Mn)
Table 7. Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters Product Type – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 8. Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters Product Type US$ Mn)
Table 9. Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Application – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 10. Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by End-User – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 11. South Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Product Type (US$ Mn)
Table 12. South Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters Product Type – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 13. South Africa: Metabolomics Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters Product Type (US$ Mn)
Table 14. South Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Application – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 15. South Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by End-User – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 16. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Product Type (US$ Mn)
Table 17. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters Product Type– Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 18. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Metabolomics Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters Product Type (US$ Mn)
Table 19. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Application – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 20. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by End-User – Revenue and Forecast to 2028 (US$ Million)
Table 21. Organic Developments in the Electrophysiology Catheter Market
Table 22. Inorganic Developments in the Electrophysiology Catheter Market
Table 23. Glossary of Terms
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Segmentation
Figure 2. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market, By Country
Figure 3. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Overview
Figure 4. Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters Segment Held Largest Share of Product Type Segment in MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market
Figure 5. South Africa is Expected to Show Remarkable Growth During the Forecast Period
Figure 7. Middle East & Africa: PEST Analysis
Figure 8. Experts Opinion
Figure 9. Impact Analysis of Driver and Restraints Pertaining to MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market
Figure 10. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market –Forecast and Analysis to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 11. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market, by Product Type, 2021 & 2028 (%)
Figure 12. Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 13. Conventional Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 14. Advanced Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 15. Ultrasound Electrophysiology Diagnostic Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 16. Electrophysiology Ablation Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 17. Cryoablation Electrophysiology Catheter: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 18. Radiofrequency Ablation Catheters: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 19. Microwave Ablation Systems: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Laser Ablation Systems: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 21. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Share by Segment - 2021 & 2028 (%)
Figure 22. Diagnosis and Monitoring: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Imaging and Mapping: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 25. MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Share by Segment - 2021 & 2028 (%)
Figure 26. Hospitals: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Ambulatory Surgical Centre: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Cardiac Catheterization Labs: MEA Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue Overview, by Country, 2021 (US$ Mn)
Figure 30. Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028, By Country (%)
Figure 31. UAE: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 32. Saudi Arabia: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 33. South Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 34. Rest of Middle East & Africa: Electrophysiology Catheter Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2028 (US$ Mn)
Figure 35. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Middle East and Africa Country Markets
- Abbott
- APT Medical Inc.
- Biosense Webster (Johnson and Johnson Services, Inc.)
- Boston Scientific Corporation
- Medtronic
- Stryker Corporation
- Transonic Systems Inc.
- Save and reduce time carrying out entry-level research by identifying the growth, size, leading players and segments in the Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market.
- Highlights key business priorities in order to assist companies to realign their business strategies
- The key findings and recommendations highlight crucial progressive industry trends in the Middle East & Africa Electrophysiology Catheter Market, thereby allowing players across the value chain to develop effective long-term strategies
- Develop/modify business expansion plans by using substantial growth offering developed and emerging markets
- Scrutinize in-depth Middle East & Africa market trends and outlook coupled with the factors driving the Electrophysiology Catheter Market, as well as those hindering it
- Enhance the decision-making process by understanding the strategies that underpin commercial interest with respect to client products, segmentation, pricing and distribution